Published: 12 October 2021

Intuitively, changes in company shares should follow changes in company profits. The more a company grows its profits, the greater the creation of shareholder value should be.

However, interest rates and injections of liquidity by central banks have distorted this relationship between earnings and stock price development.

Here are some examples of well-known values.

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Published: 05 July 2021

Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, many developed countries have not experienced inflation. To the contrary, inflation rates have kept falling, dragging interest rates lower.

Forty years of disinflation

This phenomenon of "disinflation" can be explained by three factors.

The first factor is the demographic trend marked by a drop in the number of births. Indeed, the strong increase in the population after the Second World War (“baby boom”) has given way to a sharp decrease in fertility. This is explained by the increase in the percentage of women in the workforce, the rise in unemployment and lower economic growth which makes the financial situation of households more precarious, as well as the high costs related to children (childcare, education, health).

The second is linked to the development of the service sector, which is less impacted by variations in the cost of raw materials.

The third factor is related to new technologies, especially information technology (IT), which is highly deflationary by nature. For example, many trade unions are concerned about the increased use of robots that end up replacing humans for increasingly complex tasks. Robots can be up to fifty times cheaper than humans and they can work 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

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